Everything about Tetramethylsilane totally explained
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Tetramethylsilane is the
chemical compound with the
formula Si(CH
3)
4 or SiMe
4 (Me = CH
3). Commonly abbreviated TMS, it's the simplest tetraorganosilane. Like all silanes, the SiC
4 framework is tetrahedral. TMS is a building block in
organometallic chemistry but also finds use in diverse niche applications.
Synthesis and reactions
TMS is a by-product of the production of methyl chlorosilanes, SiCl
x(CH
3)
4−x, via the "direct reaction" of
methyl chloride with silicon. The more useful products of this reaction are those for x = 1, 2, and 3.
TMS undergoes deprotonation upon treatment with
butyl lithium to give Si(CH
3)
3CH
2Li. The latter, triamethylsilylmethyl lithium, is a relatively common
alkylating agent.
In
chemical vapor deposition, TMS is the precursor to
silicon dioxide or
silicon carbide, depending on the deposition conditions.
Uses in NMR spectroscopy
Tetramethylsilane is an internal standard for calibrating
chemical shift for
1H,
13C and
29Si NMR spectroscopy. Because all twelve hydrogen atoms in a tetramethylsilane molecule are equivalent, its
1H NMR spectrum consists of a singlet. The chemical shift of this singlet is assigned as δ0.0, and all other chemical shifts are determined relative to it. The majority of compounds studied by
1H NMR spectroscopy absorb downfield of the TMS signal, thus there's usually no interference between the standard and the sample.
Similarly, all four carbon atoms in a tetramethylsilane molecule are equivalent. In a fully decoupled
13C NMR spectrum, the carbon in the tetramethylsilane appears as a singlet, allowing for easy identification. The chemical shift of this singlet is also set to be δ0.0 in the
13C spectrum, and all other chemical shifts are determined relative to it.
Because of its high volatility, TMS can easily be evaporated, which is convenient for recovery of samples analyzed by NMR spectroscopy.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Tetramethylsilane'.
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